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Juana Briones de Miranda
Juana Briones y Tapia de Miranda (1802-12/3/1889) was a pioneering resident of San Francisco, California who made a name for herself in multiple arenas of activity. Early maps of Yerba Buena, the first settlement outside the Presidio and Mission of San Francisco, include an area labeled ''Playa de Juana Briones'' (Juana Briones Beach). She is commemorated by an historical plaque in San Francisco's Washington Square.〔http://www.noehill.com/sf/landmarks/cal1024.asp California Registered Historic Landmark No. 1024〕
==Early life==
Briones was born at Villa Branciforte near the Santa Cruz Mission. She was considered a ''mulato'', i.e. of mixed Spanish and African descent. Some of her family members had arrived in Alta California with the Gaspar de Portolà and the Juan Bautista de Anza expeditions. Her father was Marcos Briones, a soldier posted near Monterey, who later moved to the San Francisco Presidio.〔(Chapter 9, “The Presidio Landscape,” in ''The Archaeology of El Presidio de San Francisco: Culture Contact, Gender, and Ethnicity in a Spanish-colonial Military Community,'' Barbara Voss, 2002, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley ), at Stanford University Presidio Web, accessed 2007-02-24〕
In 1820 Juana married a soldier, Apolinario Miranda, and she bore seven or eight children between 1821 and 1841. They also adopted an orphaned Indian girl.〔(National Park Service, Presidio of San Francisco, Juana Briones Biography ), accessed 2007-02-24〕 After establishing a farm near the Presidio of San Francisco, she bought land and built a house at Yerba Buena, the area of San Francisco today known as North Beach. A natural entrepreneur, she marketed her milk and produce to the sailors from whaling ships or those who arrived in port for the hide and tallow trade. Briones excelled not only in business and farming: her reputation for hospitality and skills in herbal medicine and midwifery were widely recognized. She trained her nephew, Pablo Briones—who was later known as the ''Doctor of Bolinas'' (California)—in medicinal arts, although she never received a formal education and could not read or write.
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